4,090 research outputs found
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Cyclin B1/CDK1-regulated mitochondrial bioenergetics in cell cycle progression and tumor resistance.
A mammalian cell houses two genomes located separately in the nucleus and mitochondria. During evolution, communications and adaptations between these two genomes occur extensively to achieve and sustain homeostasis for cellular functions and regeneration. Mitochondria provide the major cellular energy and contribute to gene regulation in the nucleus, whereas more than 98% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome. Such two-way signaling traffic presents an orchestrated dynamic between energy metabolism and consumption in cells. Recent reports have elucidated the way how mitochondrial bioenergetics synchronizes with the energy consumption for cell cycle progression mediated by cyclin B1/CDK1 as the communicator. This review is to recapitulate cyclin B1/CDK1 mediated mitochondrial activities in cell cycle progression and stress response as well as its potential link to reprogram energy metabolism in tumor adaptive resistance. Cyclin B1/CDK1-mediated mitochondrial bioenergetics is applied as an example to show how mitochondria could timely sense the cellular fuel demand and then coordinate ATP output. Such nucleus-mitochondria oscillation may play key roles in the flexible bioenergetics required for tumor cell survival and compromising the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. Further deciphering the cyclin B1/CDK1-controlled mitochondrial metabolism may invent effect targets to treat resistant cancers
Enhancing Spectrum Sensing via Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Passive or Active Sensing and How Many Reflecting Elements are Needed?
Cognitive radio has been proposed to alleviate the scarcity of available
spectrum caused by the significant demand for wideband services and the
fragmentation of spectrum resources. However, sensing performance is quite poor
due to the low sensing signal-to-noise ratio, especially in complex
environments with severe channel fading. Fortunately, reconfigurable
intelligent surface (RIS)-aided spectrum sensing can effectively tackle the
above challenge due to its high array gain. Nevertheless, the traditional
passive RIS may suffer from the ``double fading'' effect, which severely limits
the performance of passive RIS-aided spectrum sensing. Thus, a crucial
challenge is how to fully exploit the potential advantages of the RIS and
further improve the sensing performance. To this end, we introduce the active
RIS into spectrum sensing and respectively formulate two optimization problems
for the passive RIS and the active RIS to maximize the detection probability.
In light of the intractability of the formulated problems, we develop a
one-stage optimization algorithm with inner approximation and a two-stage
optimization algorithm with a bisection method to obtain sub-optimal solutions,
and apply the Rayleigh quotient to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the
detection probability. Furthermore, in order to gain more insight into the
impact of the RIS on spectrum sensing, we respectively investigate the number
configuration for passive RIS and active RIS and analyze how many reflecting
elements are needed to achieve the detection probability close to 1. Simulation
results verify that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms
under the same parameter configuration, and achieve a detection probability
close to 1 with even fewer reflecting elements or antennas than existing
schemes
A scanning tunneling microscopy based potentiometry technique and its application to the local sensing of the spin Hall effect
A scanning tunneling microscopy based potentiometry technique for the
measurements of the local surface electric potential is presented and
illustrated by experiments performed on current-carrying thin tungsten films.
The obtained results demonstrate a sub-millivolt resolution in the measured
surface potential. The application of this potentiometry technique to the local
sensing of the spin Hall effect is outlined and some experimental results are
reported.Comment: 9 pages and 4 figure
MEET: Mobility-Enhanced Edge inTelligence for Smart and Green 6G Networks
Edge intelligence is an emerging paradigm for real-time training and
inference at the wireless edge, thus enabling mission-critical applications.
Accordingly, base stations (BSs) and edge servers (ESs) need to be densely
deployed, leading to huge deployment and operation costs, in particular the
energy costs. In this article, we propose a new framework called
Mobility-Enhanced Edge inTelligence (MEET), which exploits the sensing,
communication, computing, and self-powering capabilities of intelligent
connected vehicles for the smart and green 6G networks. Specifically, the
operators can incorporate infrastructural vehicles as movable BSs or ESs, and
schedule them in a more flexible way to align with the communication and
computation traffic fluctuations. Meanwhile, the remaining compute resources of
opportunistic vehicles are exploited for edge training and inference, where
mobility can further enhance edge intelligence by bringing more compute
resources, communication opportunities, and diverse data. In this way, the
deployment and operation costs are spread over the vastly available vehicles,
so that the edge intelligence is realized cost-effectively and sustainably.
Furthermore, these vehicles can be either powered by renewable energy to reduce
carbon emissions, or charged more flexibly during off-peak hours to cut
electricity bills.Comment: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Communications Magazin
Research And Implementation Of Drug Target Interaction Confidence Measurement Method Based On Causal Intervention
The identification and discovery of drug-target Interaction (DTI) is an
important step in the field of Drug research and development, which can help
scientists discover new drugs and accelerate the development process.
KnowledgeGraph and the related knowledge graph Embedding (KGE) model develop
rapidly and show good performance in the field of drug discovery in recent
years. In the task of drug target identification, the lack of authenticity and
accuracy of the model will lead to the increase of misjudgment rate and the low
efficiency of drug development. To solve the above problems, this study focused
on the problem of drug target link prediction with knowledge mapping as the
core technology, and adopted the confidence measurement method based on causal
intervention to measure the triplet score, so as to improve the accuracy of
drug target interaction prediction model. By comparing with the traditional
Softmax and Sigmod confidence measurement methods on different KGE models, the
results show that the confidence measurement method based on causal
intervention can effectively improve the accuracy of DTI link prediction,
especially for high-precision models. The predicted results are more conducive
to guiding the design and development of followup experiments of drug
development, so as to improve the efficiency of drug development.Comment: 8 pages,11 figure
Experimental generation of 6 dB continuous variable entanglement from a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier
We experimentally demonstrated that the quantum correlations of amplitude and
phase quadratures between signal and idler beams produced from a non-degenerate
optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) can be significantly improved by using a
mode cleaner in the pump field and reducing the phase fluctuations in phase
locking systems. Based on the two technical improvements the quantum
entanglement measured with a two-mode homodyne detector is enhanced from ~ 4 dB
to ~ 6 dB below the quantum noise limit using the same NOPA and nonlinear
crystal.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
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Low-Level Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate Benefits Liver Cells by Boosting Mitochondrial Metabolism via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 Cascade.
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (the "bad" fat), especially palmitate (PA), in the human diet are blamed for potential health risks such as obesity and cancer because of SFA-induced lipotoxicity. However, epidemiological results demonstrate a latent benefit of SFAs, and it remains elusive whether a certain low level of SFAs is physiologically essential for maintaining cell metabolic hemostasis. Here, we demonstrate that although high-level PA (HPA) indeed induces lipotoxic effects in liver cells, low-level PA (LPA) increases mitochondrial functions and alleviates the injuries induced by HPA or hepatoxic agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). LPA treatment in mice enhanced liver mitochondrial activity and reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity with improved blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (m-AST). LPA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation, which in turn deacetylates and dimerizes CPT2 to enhance fatty acid oxidation. Thus, an advantageous effect is suggested by the consumption of LPA that augments mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 cascade
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